Upgrading to v9

This is the migration guide for upgrading from v8 to v9.

Not the version you are looking for?

• Upgrading to v8
• Upgrading to v7
• Upgrading to v6

Want to learn more about new features in v9?

Read our release announcements

General Breaking Changes

Requires Node v18+

Support for Node.js v14 and v16 has been discontinued as these versions have reached their end-of-life. Faker.js v9 requires a minimum of Node.js v18.

Upgrade to TypeScript v5

Support for TypeScript v4 has been discontinued. Faker v9 requires a minimum of TypeScript v5. You can see this in action in the helpers module which now uses the const generic type parameters feature.

// v8
faker.helpers.arrayElement([1, 2, 3]); // number
faker.helpers.arrayElement([1, 2, 3] as const); // 1 | 2 | 3

// v9
faker.helpers.arrayElement([1, 2, 3]); // 1 | 2 | 3

Fix Tree Shaking

Prior to this version, there was an issue where all locales would be bundled even if only one was used. Users had to resort to a workaround by importing specific faker instances from dedicated paths.

import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker/locale/de';

With this fix, the workaround should no longer be necessary. You will be able to import different localized faker instances from the root of your package with the bundle only including those specific locales.

import { fakerDE, fakerES, fakerFR } from '@faker-js/faker';

The dedicated import paths are kept in v9, to allow a gradual migration for our users.

While this is not a breaking change according to semantic versioning guidelines, it does impact the behavior of users' bundlers.

Use High Precision RNG by Default

In v9 we switch from a 32 bit random value to a 53 bit random value. We don't change the underlying algorithm much, but we now consume two seed values each step instead of one.

You can read more in out Blog Post: What's New In v9.0

Adoption

• If you don't have any seeded tests and just want some random values, then you don't have to change anything.
• If you have seeded tests, you have to update most test snapshots or similar comparisons to new values.
• For updating snapshots or similar comparisons in different testing frameworks, you can use the following commands:
  • Vitest: vitest run --update
  • Jest: jest --updateSnapshot

Keeping the Old Behavior

You can keep the old behavior, if you create your own Faker instance and pass a Randomizer instance from the generateMersenne32Randomizer() function to it.

import {
  Faker,
  generateMersenne32Randomizer, // < v9 default
  generateMersenne53Randomizer, // > v9 default
} from '@faker-js/faker';

const faker = new Faker({
  randomizer: generateMersenne32Randomizer(),
  ...
});

Restructured dist folder

The dist folder now contains minified and chunked files for CJS, because we switched to tsup for the bundling process. So it is no longer possible to use @faker-js/faker/dist/cjs/.... However, as we officially support only exports defined via package.json, this should not affect your code.

Removals of Deprecated Code

A large number of methods which were deprecated in v8 are completely removed in v9. To prepare for the upgrade, it is recommended to first upgrade to the latest version of v8 (e.g. npm install --save-dev faker@8) and fix any deprecation warnings issued by your code.

The following sections contain more information about these changes.

Constructor and JS Backwards-Compatibility Methods

Removed deprecated faker constructor, so you can no longer just pass a locale string identifier.

Also removed the accessors and method that were only for JS backwards compatibility.

• get/set locales
• get/set locale
• get/set localeFallback
• setLocale

To use the new constructor, you need to pass a locale object like:

import { Faker, es, base } from '@faker-js/faker';

// A custom faker instance that does not have any fallbacks
const customEsFakerWithoutFallback = new Faker({ locale: es });

// A custom faker instance that has only base-data as fallback, but not english data
const customEsFakerWithFallback = new Faker({ locale: [es, base] });

Commerce Module

Removed deprecated commerce methods

removed	replacement
faker.commerce.price(min, max, dec, symbol)	faker.commerce.price({ min, max, dec, symbol })

Company Module

Removed deprecated company methods

removed	replacement
faker.company.suffixes	Part of faker.company.name
faker.company.companySuffix	Part of faker.company.name
faker.company.bs	faker.company.buzzPhrase
faker.company.bsAdjective	faker.company.buzzAdjective
faker.company.bsBuzz	faker.company.buzzVerb
faker.company.bsNoun	faker.company.buzzNoun

Company Name Affix files reorganized

The company name affix files have been used inconsistently. Sometimes suffixes were used as prefixes in the patterns, because they contained legal entity types (and in English these were defined as suffixes). We renamed the files to match their actual content instead of their hypothetical position. If you are using the public methods, no changes are required. You only need to change your code if you are accessing the raw definitions e.g. in faker.helpers.fake().

Before	After
company.prefix	company.category
company.suffix	company.legal_entity_type

Note

In some locales prefixes and suffixes might have been swapped, so the mapping might be wrong for those.

Datatype Module

Removed deprecated datatype methods

removed	replacement
faker.datatype.number()	faker.number.int() or faker.number.float()
faker.datatype.float()	faker.number.float()
faker.datatype.datetime({ min, max })	faker.date.between({ from, to }) or faker.date.anytime()
faker.datatype.string()	faker.string.sample()
faker.datatype.uuid()	faker.string.uuid()
faker.datatype.hexadecimal()	faker.string.hexadecimal() or faker.number.hex()
faker.datatype.json()	your own function to generate complex objects
faker.datatype.array()	your own function to build complex arrays
faker.datatype.bigInt()	faker.number.bigInt()

Date Module

Removed deprecated date methods

removed	replacement
faker.date.past(years, refDate)	faker.date.past({ years, refDate })
faker.date.future(years, refDate)	faker.date.future({ years, refDate })
faker.date.between(from, to)	faker.date.between({ from, to })
faker.date.betweens(from, to, count)	faker.date.betweens({ from, to, count })
faker.date.recent(days, refDate)	faker.date.recent({ days, refDate })
faker.date.soon(days, refDate)	faker.date.soon({ days, refDate })
faker.date.month({ abbr })	faker.date.month({ abbreviated })
faker.date.weekday({ abbr })	faker.date.weekday({ abbreviated })

Finance Module

Removed deprecated finance methods

removed	replacement
faker.finance.account	faker.finance.accountNumber
faker.finance.mask	faker.finance.maskedNumber
faker.finance.amount(min, max, dec, symbol, autoFormat)	faker.finance.amount({ min, max, dec, symbol, autoFormat })
faker.finance.iban(formatted, countryCode)	faker.finance.iban({ formatted, countryCode })

Git Module

Removed deprecated git methods

removed	replacement
faker.git.shortSha()	faker.git.commitSha({ length: 7 })

Helpers Module

Removed deprecated helpers methods

removed	replacement
faker.helpers.replaceSymbolWithNumber	string.replace(/#+/g, (m) => faker.string.numeric(m.length))
faker.helpers.regexpStyleStringParse	faker.helpers.fromRegExp
faker.helpers.unique	import { UniqueEnforcer } from 'enforce-unique';

Note these are not exact replacements:

faker.helpers.replaceSymbolWithNumber

The replaceSymbolWithNumber method was deprecated in Faker v8.4 and removed in v9.0. The method parsed the given string symbol by symbol and replaces the # symbol with digits (0 - 9) and the ! symbol with digits >=2 (2 - 9). This was primarily used internally by Faker for generating phone numbers. If needed, you can use a simple string replace combined with faker.string.numeric to replace this

// old
faker.helpers.replaceSymbolWithNumber('#####-##'); // '04812-67'

// new
'#####-##'.replace(/#+/g, (m) => faker.string.numeric(m.length));

// old
faker.helpers.replaceSymbolWithNumber('!#####'); // '123152'

// new
'!#####'
  .replace(/#+/g, (m) => faker.string.numeric(m.length))
  .replace(/!+/g, (m) =>
    faker.string.numeric({ length: m.length, exclude: ['0', '1'] })
  );

faker.helpers.regexpStyleStringParse

The regexpStyleStringParse method in faker.helpers was deprecated in Faker v8.1 and removed in v9.0. A likely replacement is the more powerful faker.helpers.fromRegExp.

faker.helpers.regexpStyleStringParse('a{3,6}'); // aaaaa
faker.helpers.fromRegExp('a{3,6}'); // aaaaa

However, please note that faker.helpers.fromRegExp is not an exact replacement for faker.helpers.regexpStyleStringParse as fromRegExp cannot handle numeric ranges. This now needs to be handled separately.

faker.helpers.regexpStyleStringParse('a{3,6}[1-100]'); // "aaaa53", etc.
faker.helpers.fromRegExp('a{3,6}') + faker.number.int({ min: 1, max: 100 });

faker.helpers.unique

Prior to v9, Faker provided a faker.helpers.unique() method which had a global store to keep track of duplicates. This was removed in v9.

Please see the unique values guide for alternatives.

For example, many simple use cases can use faker.helpers.uniqueArray. Or you can migrate to a recommended third party package such as enforce-unique:

Basic example:

// OLD
const name = faker.helpers.unique(faker.person.firstName);

// NEW
import { UniqueEnforcer } from 'enforce-unique';
//const { UniqueEnforcer } = require("enforce-unique") // CJS

const enforcerName = new UniqueEnforcer();
const name = enforcerName.enforce(faker.person.firstName);

With parameters:

// OLD
const stateCode = faker.helpers.unique(faker.location.state, [
  {
    abbreviated: true,
  },
]);

// NEW
import { UniqueEnforcer } from 'enforce-unique';

const enforcerState = new UniqueEnforcer();
const stateCode = enforcerState.enforce(() =>
  faker.location.state({
    abbreviated: true,
  })
);

With options:

// OLD
const city = faker.helpers.unique(faker.location.city, [], {
  maxRetries: 100,
  maxTime: 1000,
});

// NEW
import { UniqueEnforcer } from 'enforce-unique';

const enforcer = new UniqueEnforcer();
const city = enforcer.enforce(faker.location.city, {
  maxRetries: 100,
  maxTime: 1000,
});

Note

enforce-unique does not directly support the store option previously available in faker.helpers.unique. If you were previously using this parameter, check the documentation. If you need to reset the store, you can call the reset() method on the UniqueEnforcer instance.

faker.helpers.arrayElement and faker.helpers.arrayElements

The following only affects usage in Javascript, as in Typescript this usage would already throw a compile-time error.

Previously, the arrayElement and arrayElements methods would throw a dedicated error, when called without arguments.

faker.helpers.arrayElement(undefined); // FakerError: Calling `faker.helpers.arrayElement()` without arguments is no longer supported.

Now, it throws a JS native error:

faker.helpers.arrayElement(undefined); // TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'length')

Calling the methods with an empty array instead still behaves as before.

Image Module

Removed deprecated image methods

removed	replacement
faker.image.image()	faker.image.url()
faker.image.imageUrl()	faker.image.url()
faker.image.abstract()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'abstract' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.animals()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'animals' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.business()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'business' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.cats()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'cats' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.city()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'city' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.food()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'food' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.nightlife()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'nightlife' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.fashion()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'fashion' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.people()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'people' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.nature()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'nature' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.sports()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'sports' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.technics()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'technics' }) or faker.image.url()
faker.image.transport()	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'transport' }) or faker.image.url()

Image Providers

Removed deprecated image providers from faker.image. They already returned broken image URLs anyway.

removed	replacement
faker.image.lorempicsum.image	faker.image.urlPicsumPhotos
faker.image.lorempicsum.imageGrayscale	faker.image.urlPicsumPhotos({ grayscale: true })
faker.image.lorempicsum.imageBlurred	faker.image.urlPicsumPhotos({ blur: 4 })
faker.image.lorempicsum.imageRandomSeeded	faker.image.urlPicsumPhotos
faker.image.lorempicsum.imageUrl	faker.image.urlPicsumPhotos
faker.image.placeholder.imageUrl	faker.image.urlPlaceholder
faker.image.placeholder.randomUrl	faker.image.urlPlaceholder
faker.image.unsplash.image	faker.image.url
faker.image.unsplash.imageUrl	faker.image.url
faker.image.unsplash.food	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'food' })
faker.image.unsplash.people	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'people' })
faker.image.unsplash.nature	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'nature' })
faker.image.unsplash.technology	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'technology' })
faker.image.unsplash.objects	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'objects' })
faker.image.unsplash.buildings	faker.image.urlLoremFlickr({ category: 'buildings' })

Internet Module

Removed deprecated internet methods

removed	replacement
faker.internet.avatar()	faker.image.avatarLegacy() or faker.image.avatar()
faker.internet.email(firstName, lastName, provider, options)	faker.internet.email({ firstName, lastName, provider, ... })
faker.internet.exampleEmail(firstName, lastName, options)	faker.internet.exampleEmail({ firstName, lastName, ... })
faker.internet.userName(firstName, lastName)	faker.internet.userName({ firstName, lastName })
faker.internet.displayName(firstName, lastName)	faker.internet.displayName({ firstName, lastName })
faker.internet.color(redBase, greenBase, blueBase)	faker.internet.color({ redBase, greenBase, blueBase })
faker.internet.password(length, memorable, pattern, prefix)	faker.internet.password({ length, memorable, pattern, prefix })

Location Module

Removed deprecated location methods

removed	replacement
faker.location.zipCodeByState	faker.location.zipCode({ state })
faker.location.cityName	faker.location.city
faker.location.streetName	faker.location.street
faker.location.stateAbbr()	faker.location.state({ abbreviated: true })
faker.location.latitude(max, min, precision)	faker.location.latitude({ max, min, precision })
faker.location.longitude(max, min, precision)	faker.location.longitude({ max, min, precision })
faker.location.direction(abbreviated)	faker.location.direction({ abbreviated })
faker.location.cardinalDirection(abbreviated)	faker.location.cardinalDirection({ abbreviated })
faker.location.ordinalDirection(abbreviated)	faker.location.ordinalDirection({ abbreviated })
faker.location.nearbyGPSCoordinate(coordinate, radius, isMetric)	faker.location.nearbyGPSCoordinate({ origin, radius, isMetric })

Direction definitions reorganized

The locale definitions used by faker.location.direction(), faker.location.cardinalDirection() and faker.location.ordinalDirection() have been reorganized. Previously, they were located under definitions.location.direction and definitions.location.direction_abbr and their values were required to be in a specific order. Now, all values are nested under definitions.location.direction with descriptive property names. If you are using the public methods, no changes are required. You only need to change your code if you are accessing the raw definitions e.g. in faker.helpers.fake().

Before	After
location.direction	location.direction.cardinal or location.direction.ordinal
location.direction_abbr	location.direction.cardinal_abbr or location.direction.ordinal_abbr

Default country definitions removed

The faker.definitions.location.default_country definition has been removed, as they were not used by any public method, and were not useful for locales which don't correspond directly to a single country, like ar.

Number Module

Removed deprecated number parameter

removed	replacement
faker.number.float({ precision })	faker.number.float({ multipleOf })

Person Module

Changed Definitions

The locale definitions used by faker.person.jobTitle(), faker.person.jobDescriptor(), faker.person.jobArea() and faker.person.jobType() have been reorganized and are no longer nested under definitions.person.title. Conversely, the gendered locale definitions used by faker.person.firstName(), faker.person.lastName(), faker.person.middleName() and faker.person.prefix() are now consolidated under a single definition property. If you are using the public methods, no changes are required. You only need to change your code if you are accessing the raw definitions e.g. in faker.helpers.fake().

Before	After
person.female_first_name	person.first_name.female
person.female_last_name_pattern	person.last_name_pattern.female
person.female_last_name	person.last_name.female
person.female_middle_name	person.middle_name.female
person.female_prefix	person.prefix.female
person.first_name	person.first_name.generic
person.last_name_pattern	person.last_name_pattern.generic
person.last_name	person.last_name.generic
person.male_first_name	person.first_name.male
person.male_last_name_pattern	person.last_name_pattern.male
person.male_last_name	person.last_name.male
person.male_middle_name	person.middle_name.male
person.male_prefix	person.prefix.male
person.middle_name	person.middle_name.generic
person.prefix	person.prefix.generic
person.title.descriptor	person.job_descriptor
person.title.job	person.job_type
person.title.level	person.job_area

Phone Module

Removed deprecated phone methods

removed	replacement
faker.phone.number(format)	faker.phone.number(style), faker.string.numeric() or faker.helpers.fromRegExp()

Random Module

Removed deprecated random module

removed	replacement
faker.random.alpha()	faker.string.alpha()
faker.random.alphaNumeric()	faker.string.alphanumeric()
faker.random.locale()	faker.helpers.objectKey(allLocales/allFakers)
faker.random.numeric()	faker.string.numeric()
faker.random.word()	faker.lorem.word() or faker.word.sample()
faker.random.words()	faker.lorem.words() or faker.word.words()

Locale Aliases

Renamed deprecated locale aliases cz, en_IND, ge and removed global.

removed	replacement
import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker/locale/cz'	import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker/locale/cs_CZ'
import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker/locale/en_IND'	import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker/locale/en_IN'
import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker/locale/ge'	import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker/locale/ka_GE'
import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker/locale/global'	import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker/locale/base'

Renamed Locale Definitions

The following locale definitions have been adjusted to align with Faker's locale definition naming standard:

removed	replacement
faker.definitions.science.chemicalElement	faker.definitions.science.chemical_element
faker.definitions.system.directoryPaths	faker.definitions.system.directory_path
faker.definitions.system.mimeTypes	faker.definitions.system.mime_type
faker.definitions.lorem.words	faker.definitions.lorem.word

With that now all our locale data use the following naming scheme:

faker.definitions.category_name.entry_name

Please keep in mind that property keys of complex objects remain in camel-case.

faker.definitions.science.chemical_element.atomicNumber

Type Aliases

Removed deprecated type aliases

removed	replacement
AddressDefinitions	LocationDefinition
AirlineDefinitions	AirlineDefinition
AnimalDefinitions	AnimalDefinition
ColorDefinitions	ColorDefinition
CommerceDefinitions	CommerceDefinition
CommerceProductNameDefinitions	CommerceProductNameDefinition
CompanyDefinitions	CompanyDefinition
DatabaseDefinitions	DatabaseDefinition
DateDefinitions	DateDefinition
FinanceDefinitions	FinanceDefinition
HackerDefinitions	HackerDefinition
InternetDefinitions	InternetDefinition
LoremDefinitions	LoremDefinition
MusicDefinitions	MusicDefinition
NameDefinitions	PersonDefinition
PhoneNumberDefinitions	PhoneNumberDefinition
ScienceDefinitions	ScienceDefinition
SystemDefinitions	SystemDefinition
SystemMimeTypeEntryDefinitions	SystemMimeTypeEntryDefinition
VehicleDefinitions	VehicleDefinition
WordDefinitions	WordDefinition
CSSFunction	CssFunctionType
CSSSpace	CssSpaceType
AddressModule	LocationModule
NameModule	PersonModule

Breaking Changes to Specific Methods

Birthdate New Default Mode

Previously, the faker.date.birthdate() method had defaults that were unclear in their specific impact. Now, the method requires either none or all of the min, max and mode options.

We also improved the error messages to clearly indicate when the min, max, and mode options must be set together.

Fail on Invalid Dates

Various methods in the faker.date module allow you to pass a Date-ish value: that is, either a Javascript Date, or a timestamp number or string that can be converted to a Date via the new Date() constructor.

Previously, if you passed something which could not be parsed to a Date, it would fall back to the current reference date. Now, this throws an error raising awareness of that bad value.

This affects the refDate parameter of the anytime(), birthdate(), past(), future(), recent() and soon(), methods as well as the from and to parameters of between() and betweens().

Separate Timezone Methods

The timeZone functionality has been divided to enhance specificity:

• Use faker.date.timeZone() to generate a random global time zone.
• Use faker.location.timeZone() to obtain time zone specific to the current locale.

We haven't updated all locale dependent time zone data yet, so if you encounter unexpected values, please create a new issue.

Prices Now Return More Price-Like Values

The faker.commerce.price() method now produces values that also return fractional values.

Old price: 828.00 New price: 828.59

The last digit of the price is adjusted to be more price-like:

• 50% of the time: 9
• 30% of the time: 5
• 10% of the time: 0
• 10% of the time: a random digit from 0 to 9

We plan to rethink this method some more in the future: #2579

Images Have Random Options by Default

Some of image methods had static default parameters, previously. These have been changed to return more divers urls. Following you can find a table with snippets to obtain the previous behavior:

Method	Old Defaults
faker.image.url()	{width: 640, height: 480}
faker.image.urlLoremFlickr()	{width: 640, height: 480}
faker.image.urlPicsumPhotos()	{width: 640,height: 480, blur: 0, grayscale: false}
faker.image.dataUri()	{width: 640, height: 480, type: 'svg-uri'}

Require from and to in faker.date.between and betweens

Previously, in faker.date.between() and faker.date.betweens() if the from or to parameter was omitted (in Javascript) or an invalid date (in Javascript or Typescript), they would default to the current date or reference date. Now, both boundaries must be given explicitly. If you still need the old behavior, you can pass Date.now() or the reference date for from or to.

Stricter Checking for Function Signature Passed to faker.helpers.multiple Method

The faker.helpers.multiple method takes a function reference as its first parameter. Previously you may have written code like this to generate multiple values.

faker.helpers.multiple(faker.date.past, { count: 2 });

However this code has a bug - faker.helpers.multiple passes the loop index as the second parameter to the method, which in this case would set the refDate of the faker.date.past() call to 0, making all dates before 1970.

Instead you should generally use a lambda function like

faker.helpers.multiple(() => faker.date.past(), { count: 2 });

to get the desired behavior. In v9.0, we use stricter type-checking in Typescript to detect when a function is called which is not compatible with (v: unknown, index: number) which can cause compile-time errors in places where previously there were potential runtime errors.

Bad

faker.helpers.multiple(faker.person.firstName, ...); // ❗
// In Typescript, this is now a compile time error
// Argument of type '(sex?: "female" | "male" | undefined) => string'
// is not assignable to parameter of type '(v: unknown, index: number) => unknown'.

Good

faker.helpers.multiple(() => faker.person.firstName(), ...); // ✔

The new types also allow for easier use-cases where the index is part of the generated data e.g. as id.

faker.helpers.multiple((_, index) => ({ id: index, ...}), ...); // [{id: 0, ...}, ...]

Stricter Enum Value Usage

Some methods would previously fallback to a default value for an option when an unknown value was passed for a enum parameter. Now, these methods return undefined instead. This only affects usage in Javascript, as in Typescript this usage would already throw a compile-time error.

For example:

faker.color.rgb({ format: 'unexpectedvalue' });
// in Faker v8, is [110, 82, 190] like { format: "decimal" }
// in Faker v9, is undefined

This affects:

• The format property of faker.color.rgb() must be one of 'binary' | 'css' | 'decimal' | 'hex' if provided
• The format property of faker.color.cmyk(), faker.color.hsl(), faker.color.hwb(), faker.color.lab(), faker.color.lch() must be one of 'binary' | 'css' | 'decimal' if provided
• The variant property of faker.location.countryCode() must be one of alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric if provided
• The casing property of faker.string.alpha() and faker.string.alphanumeric() must be one of 'upper' | 'lower' | 'mixed' if provided